Descontentamento na Europa em tempos de austeridade : da açao coletiva a participaçao individual no protesto social'

Background of INCASI Project H2020-MSCA-RISE-2015 GA 691004. WP1: CompilationEste artigo centra se no exame do novo ciclo de protesto social na Europa em resposta à austeridade neoliberal, considerando dois níveis de análise: o nívelmacro da ação coletiva, identificando algumas das condições, motivações e características das iniciativas dos novíssimos movimentos sociais e das iniciativas dos sindicatos, explorando as suas diferenças e complementaridades e potencialde articulação; e o nível micro da participação individual, considerando as condições e motivações da participação dos indivíduos nas manifestações de protesto, com base no Inquérito Social Europeu de 2012, com destaque para as características sociodemográficas, incluindo os níveis educacionais e inserçãolaboral; o descontentamento com a democracia e a economia e a desconfiança nas instituições democráticas; a filiação sindical e participação nas eleições nacionais; e as reivindicações de justiça social nomeadamente quanto à redução da pobreza e desigualdade de rendimentos. No final do artigo explora se em que medida as condições e motivações da participação individual correspondem em maior ou menor grau às condições e motivações da ação coletiva, isto é, dos protestos de iniciativa dos novíssimos movimentos sociais e/ou dos protestos de iniciativa sindical.This article analyses the new cycle of social protest in Europe in response to neoliberal austerity on two levels: firstly, on the macro level of collective action, it identifies some of the characteristics, conditions and motives underlying the initiatives by the newest social movements and trade unions, and explores their differences, complementarities and potential connections; secondly, on the micro level of individual participation, it considers the conditions and motives for individual involvement in protests on the basis of the 2012 European Social Survey, with a particular emphasis on sociodemographic characteristics (including levels of education and employment), discontent with democracy and the economy, lack of confidence in democratic institutions, trade union membership, involvement in national elections, and demands for social justice, specifically with regard to reducing poverty and income inequality. It also explores the extent to which the conditions and reasons for individual participation correspond to the conditions and reasons for collective action, i.e. the protests organised by the newest social movements and/or the trade unions.L'article se penche sur le nouveau cycle de protestation sociale en Europe en réponse à l'austérité néolibérale, en tenant compte de deux niveaux d'analyse: le niveau macro, celui de l'action collective, en identifiant quelques­‑unes des conditions, motivations et caractéristiques des initiatives des très récents mouvements sociaux et des syndicats, tout en étudiant leurs différences et leurs complémentarités, ainsi que le potentiel d'articulation; et le niveau micro, celui de la participation individuelle, en tenant compte des conditions et des motivations des personnes ayant adhéré aux manifestations de protestation. Ceci ayant pour base l'Enquête Sociale Européenne de 2012, en soulignant tout particulièrement les caractéristiques sociodémographiques, comprenant les niveaux d'instruction et l'insertion dans la monde du travail; le mécontentement à l'égard de la démocratie et de l'économie et la méfiance envers les institutions démocratiques; l'appartenance syndicale et la participation aux élections nationales; les revendications de justice sociale, notamment quant à la diminution de la pauvreté et de l'inégalité des revenus. Nous chercherons aussi à savoir dans quelle mesure les conditions et les motivations individuelles correspondent aux conditions et motivations de l'action collective, c'est à dire, des protestations partant de l'initiative des très récents mouvements sociaux et/ou de celles partant de l'initiative syndicale

Den portugisiske arbejdsmarkedsmodel under den neoliberale hestekur

Kronikken belyser de strenge sparepolitikker, som er blevet gennemført i Portugal under den økonomiske og finansielle krise samt deres betydning for den portugisiske arbejdsmarkedsmodel. Hovedargumentet er, at politikkerne for at sikre konkurrencedygtige lønninger via devaluering og dereguleringen af velfærds- og arbejdsmarkedslovgivningen, som blev iværksat i forbindelse med Troika-interventionen, drastisk har svækket de elementer i den portugisiske arbejdsmarkedsmodel, der adskiller Portugal fra den liberale anglosaksiske model. Reformerne har endvidere medført, at Portugal er i en dyb økonomisk og social krise. Eftersom reformerne er del af EU's nye interventionistiske tilgang, fremhæver kronikken behovet for et øget fokus på genopbygningen af det sociale Europa, som kan være med til at sætte en stopper for de neoliberale sparepolitikker

Involvement of social partners in policymaking during the COVID-19 outbreak

Aquesta publicació s'elabora a partir de les contribucions de cadascú dels membres nacionals que integren la Network of Eufound Correspondent. Pel cas d'Espanya la contribució ha estat realitzada per l'Oscar Molina GodinoSince 2016, Eurofound has closely monitored the involvement of national social partners in policymaking as part of the European Semester cycle. In 2020, the focus was on their involvement during the first months of the COVID-19 outbreak. While the pandemic has presented a huge challenge to social dialogue, the results of the analysis highlight how social dialogue can be an effective tool in shaping policy initiatives and finding solutions to emergency situations affecting businesses, workers, the economy and society. It is clear that the participation of social partners in the design and implementation of national recovery and resilience plans in 2021 will be key in the recovery process and for strengthening social dialogue going forward

Minimum wages in 2019 : annual review

Aquesta publicació s'elabora a partir de les contribucions de cadascú dels membres nacionals que integren la Network of Eufound Correspondent. Pel cas d'Espanya la contribució ha estat realitzada per l'Oscar MolinaIn most EU Member States, reviews of the statutory minimum wage rates spark a great deal of public interest. Such reviews affect the wider workforce, beyond those workers on the statutory minimum wage. Pay rates in collective agreements may be adapted in response to an increase in the minimum wage, affecting lower-paid workers more generally; social benefits may also be affected, making the impact of such revisions even more widespread. This report covers developments in statutory minimum wages in 2018-2019 in the EU and Norway. It looks at the level of minimum wages, how they were set and how they have developed over time in nominal and real terms. It also covers major debates in relation to setting minimum wage levels. While the report focuses on the net remuneration of those receiving the minimum wage, it also documents minimum rates from selected collective agreements in countries without statutory minimum wages as well as minimum wage coverage rates of workers by gender

Social partners going digital: using digital tools and adapting social dialogue processes

Aquesta publicació s'elabora a partir de les contribucions de cadascú dels membres nacionals que integren la Network of Eufound Correspondent. Pel cas d'Espanya la contribució ha estat realitzada per l'Alejandro GodinoDigital transformation is changing the world of work. This report looks at how social partners - the actors involved in the regulation of employment relationships - are increasingly adopting technological solutions to improve the services that they provide to their members and facilitate collective bargaining processes. Technological tools offer social partners the opportunity to enhance consultation, engage with their members through digitised processes, improve services and increase networking activities, as well as addressing the issue of membership decline. The findings of this report show that the extent to which the social partners use digital technologies varies greatly across the EU Member States, Norway and the United Kingdom. Provisions in collective agreements on several aspects of digitalisation have been identified in about half of the countries. Through these provisions, social partners encourage their members to boost training on digital skills, ensure fair and safe working conditions and take account of data protection and employee monitoring practices. The European social partners' autonomous framework agreement on digitalisation has provided inspiration to national-level organisations, and follow-up actions in this regard have the potential to greatly benefit their members

Minimum wages in 2020 : Annual review

Aquesta publicació s'elabora a partir de les contribucions de cadascú dels membres nacionals que integren la Network of Eufound Correspondent. Pel cas d'Espanya la contribució ha estat realitzada per l'Oscar MolinaThis report, as part of an annual series on minimum wages, summarises the key developments during 2019 and early 2020 around the EU initiative on fair wages and puts the national debates on setting the rates for 2020 and beyond in this context. The report features how minimum wages were set and the role of social partners. It discusses developments in statutory minimum wages and presents data on minimum wage rates in collective agreements related to 10 low-paid jobs for countries without statutory minimum wages

Regulating minimum wages and other forms of pay for the self-employed

Aquesta publicació s'elabora a partir de les contribucions de cadascú dels membres nacionals que integren la Network of Eurofound Correspondents. Pel cas d'Espanya la contribució ha estat realitzada per l' Oscar Molina (veure annex 2 Network of Eurofound Correspondents)This report is carried out in the context of the three-year pilot project (2021-2023), 'Role of the minimum wage in establishing the Universal Labour Guarantee', mandated to Eurofound by the European Commission. Its focus is module 3 of the project, investigating minimum wages and other forms of pay for the self-employed. Out of concern for the challenging conditions faced by certain groups of self-employed workers, some Member States have established or are in discussions about proposing some statutory forms of minimum pay for selected categories of the self-employed. The main objective of the report is to understand how minimum wages, wage rates, tariffs, fees and other forms of pay could be fixed for specific jobs or professions in sectors having a high level of 'vulnerable' workers, as well as 'concealed' self-employed. While the majority of Member States allow trade union representation, the right to collective bargaining for the self-employed is much more limited. Only a small number of Member States provide examples of collectively agreed minimum wages or other forms of pay for the self-employed

Social partners going digital: using digital tools and adapting social dialogue processes

La xarxa de corresponsals d'Eurofound ha contribuït a aquest informe i en concret l'Alejandro Godino com així s'expressa a l'Annex 3: Network of Eurofound CorrespondentsDigital transformation is changing the world of work. This report looks at how social partners - the actors involved in the regulation of employment relationships - are increasingly adopting technological solutions to improve the services that they provide to their members and facilitate collective bargaining processes. Technological tools offer social partners the opportunity to enhance consultation, engage with their members through digitised processes, improve services and increase networking activities, as well as addressing the issue of membership decline. The findings of this report show that the extent to which the social partners use digital technologies varies greatly across the EU Member States, Norway and the United Kingdom. Provisions in collective agreements on several aspects of digitalisation have been identified in about half of the countries. Through these provisions, social partners encourage their members to boost training on digital skills, ensure fair and safe working conditions and take account of data protection and employee monitoring practices. The European social partners' autonomous framework agreement on digitalisation has provided inspiration to national-level organisations, and follow-up actions in this regard have the potential to greatly benefit their members